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30ILM1
TREATY ON CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCES IN EUROPE (Paris, 19 November 1990)
The Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech and Slovak
Federal Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the French Republic, the Federal
Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Republic of Hungary, the
Republic of Iceland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the
Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Poland, the
Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Kingdom of Spain, the Republic of Turkey, the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and the United States of America, hereinafter referred to as
the States Parties.
Guided by the Mandate for Negotiation on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
of January 10, 1989, and having conducted this negotiation in Vienna beginning
on March 9, 1989,
Guided by the objectives and the purposes of the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, within the framework of which the negotiation of this
Treaty was conducted,
Recalling their obligation to refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in
their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force
against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in
any other manner inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the Charter of
the United Nations,
Conscious of the need to prevent any military conflict in Europe,
Conscious of the common responsibility which they all have for seeking to
achieve greater stability and security in Europe,
Striving to replace military confrontation with a new pattern of security
relations among all the States Parties based on peaceful cooperation and thereby
to contribute to overcoming the division of Europe,
Committed to the objectives of establishing a secure and stable balance of
conventional armed forces in Europe at lower levels than heretofore, of
eliminating disparities prejudicial to stability and security and ofeliminating, as a matter of high priority, the capability for launching surprise
attack and for initiating large-scale offensive action in Europe,
Recalling that they signed or acceded to the Treaty of Brussels of 1948, the
Treaty of Washington of 1949 or the Treaty of Warsaw of 1955 and that they have
the right to be or not to be a party to treaties of alliance,
Committed to the objective of ensuring that the numbers of conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty within the area of application of
this Treaty do not exceed 40,000 battle tanks, 60,000 armoured combat vehicles,
40,000 pieces of artillery, 13,600 combat aircraft and 4,000 attack helicopters,
Affirming that this Treaty is not intended to affect adversely the security
interests of any State,
Affirming their commitment to continue the conventional arms control process
including negotiations, taking into account future requirements for European
stability and security in the light of political developments in Europe,
Have agreed as follows:
Article I
1. Each State Party shall carry out the obligations set forth in this Treaty
in accordance with its provisions, including those obligations relating to the
following five categories of conventional armed forces: battle tanks, armoured
combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and combat helicopters.
2. Each State Party also shall carry out the other measures set forth in this
Treaty designed to ensure security and stability both during the period of
reduction of conventional armed forces and after the completion of reductions.
3. This Treaty incorporates the Protocol on Existing Types of Conventional
Armaments and Equipment, hereinafter referred to as the Protocol on Existing
Types, with an Annex thereto; the Protocol on Procedures Governing the
Reclassification of Specific Models or Versions of Combat-Capable Trainer
Aircraft Into Unarmed Trainer Aircraft, hereinafter referred to as the Protocol
on Aircraft Reclassification; the Protocol on Procedures Governing the Reduction
of Conventional Armaments and Equipment Limited by the Treaty on Conventional
Armed Forces in Europe, hereinafter referred to as the Protocol on Reduction;
the Protocol on Procedures Governing the Categorisation of Combat Helicopters
and the Recategorisation of Multi-Purpose Attack Helicopters, hereinafter
referred to as the Protocol on Helicopter Recategorisation; the Protocol on
Notification and Exchange of Information, hereinafter referred to as the
Protocol on Information Exchange, with an Annex on the Format for the Exchange
of Information, hereinafter referred to as the Annex on Format; the Protocol on
Inspection; the Protocol on the Joint Consultative Group; and the Protocol on
the Provisional Application of Certain Provisions of the Treaty on
Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, hereinafter referred to as the Protocol on
Provisional Application. Each of these documents constitutes an integral part
of this Treaty.
Article II
1. For the purposes of this Treaty: 1.
(A) The term "group of States Parties" means the group of States Parties
that signed the Treaty of Warsaw * of 1955 consisting of the Republic of
Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the Republic of Hungary, the
Republic of Poland, Romania and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the
group of States Parties that signed or acceded to the Treaty of Brussels ** of
1948 or the Treaty of Washington *** of 1949 consisting of the Kingdom of
Belgium, Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark, the French Republic, the Federal
Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Republic of Iceland, the Italian
Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the
Kingdom of Norway, the Portuguese Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the Republic
of Turkey, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the
United States of America.
* The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance signed in
Warsaw, 14 May 1955
** The Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Collective
Self-Defence signed in Brussels, 17 March 1948
*** The North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, 4 April 1949
(B) The term "area of application" means the entire land territory of the
States Parties in Europe from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains, which
includes all the European island territories of the States Parties, including
the Faroe Islands of the Kingdom of Denmark, Svalbard including Bear Island of
the Kingdom of Norway, the islands of Azores and Madeira of the Portuguese
Republic, the Canary Islands of the Kingdom of Spain and Franz Josef Land and
Novaya Zemlya of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In the case of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the area of application includes all
territory lying west of the Ural River and the Caspian Sea. In the case of the
Republic of Turkey, the area of application includes the territory of
the Republic of Turkey north and west of a line extending from the point of
intersection of the Turkish border with the 39th parallel to Muradiye, Patnos,
Karayazi, Tekman, Kemaliye, Feke, Ceyhan, Dogankent, Gozne and thence to the
sea.
(C) The term "battle tank" means a self-propelled armoured fighting vehicle,
capable of heavy firepower, primarily of a high muzzle velocity direct fire main
gun necessary to engage armoured and other targets, with high cross-country
mobility, with a high level of self-protection, and which is not designed and
equipped primarily to transport combat troops. Such armoured vehicles serve as
the principal weapon system of ground-force tank and other armoured formations.
Battle tanks are tracked armoured fighting vehicles which weigh at least 16.5
metric tonnes unladen weight and which are armed with a 360-degree traverse gun
of at least 75 millimetres calibre. In addition, any wheeled armoured fighting
vehicles entering into service which meet all the other criteria stated above
shall also be deemed battle tanks.
(D) The term "armoured combat vehicle" means a self-propelled vehicle with
armoured protection and cross-country capability. Armoured combat vehicles
include armoured personnel carriers, armoured infantry fighting vehicles and
heavy armament combat vehicles.
The term "armoured personnel carrier" means an armoured combat vehicle which
is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a
rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres
calibre.
The term "armoured infantry fighting vehicle" means an armoured combat
vehicle which is designed and equipped primarily to transport a combat infantry
squad, which normally provides the capability for the troops to deliver fire
from inside the vehicle under armoured protection, and which is armed with an
integral or organic cannon of at least 20 millimetres calibre and sometimes an
antitank missile launcher. Armoured infantry fighting vehicles serve as the
principal weapon system of armoured infantry or mechanised infantry or motorised
infantry formations and units of ground forces.
The term "heavy armament combat vehicle" means an armoured combat vehicle
with an integral or organic direct fire gun of at least 75 millimetres calibre,
weighing at least 6.0 metric tonnes unladen weight, which does not fall within
the definitions of an armoured personnel carrier, or an armoured infantry
fighting vehicle or a battle tank.
(E) The term "unladen weight" means the weight of a vehicle excluding the
weight of ammunition; fuel, oil and lubricants; removable reactive armour; spare
parts, tools and accessories; removable snorkelling equipment; and crew and
their personal kit.
(F) The term "artillery" means large calibre systems capable of engaging
ground targets by delivering primarily indirect fire. Such artillery systems
provide the essential indirect fire support to combined arms formations.
Large calibre artillery systems are guns, howitzers, artillery pieces
combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers, mortars and multiple launch
rocket systems with a calibre of 100 millimetres and above. In addition, any
future large calibre direct fire system which has a secondary effective indirect
fire capability shall be counted against the artillery ceilings.
(G) The term "stationed conventional armed forces" means conventional armed
forces of a State Party that are stationed within the area of application on the
territory of another State Party.
(H) The term "designated permanent storage site" means a place with a
clearly defined physical boundary containing conventional armaments and
equipment limited by the Treaty, which are counted within overall ceilings but
which are not subject to limitations on conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty in active units.
(I) The term "armoured vehicle launched bridge" means a self-propelled
armoured transporter-launcher vehicle capable of carrying and, through built-in
mechanisms, of emplacing and retrieving a bridge structure. Such a vehicle with
a bridge structure operates as an integrated system.
(J) The term "conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty"
means battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and
attack helicopters subject to the numerical limitations set forth in Articles
IV, V and VI.
(K) The term "combat aircraft" means a fixed-wing or variable-geometry wing
aircraft armed and equipped to engage targets by employing guided missiles,
unguided rockets, bombs, guns, cannons, or other weapons of destruction, as well
as any model or version of such an aircraft which performs other military
functions such as reconnaissance or electronic warfare. The term "combat
aircraft" does not include primary trainer aircraft.
(L) The term "combat helicopter" means a rotary wing aircraft armed and
equipped to engage targets or equipped to perform other military functions. The
term "combat helicopter" comprises attack helicopters and combat support
helicopters. The term "combat helicopter" does not include unarmed transport
helicopters.
(M) The term "attack helicopter" means a combat helicopter equipped to
employ anti-armour, air-to-ground, or air-to-air guided weapons and equipped
with an integrated fire control and aiming system for these weapons. The term
"attack helicopter" comprises specialised attack helicopters and multi-purpose
attack helicopters.
(N) The term "specialised attack helicopter" means an attack helicopter that
is designed primarily to employ guided weapons.
(O) The term "multi-purpose attack helicopter" means an attack helicopter
designed to perform multiple military functions and equipped to employ guided
weapons.
(P) The term "combat support helicopter" means a combat helicopter which
does not fulfill the requirements to qualify as an attack helicopter and which
may be equipped with a variety of self-defence and area suppression weapons,
such as guns, cannons and unguided rockets, bombs or cluster bombs, or which may
be equipped to perform other military functions.
(Q) The term "conventional armaments and equipment subject to the Treaty"
means battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft,
primary trainer aircraft, unarmed trainer aircraft, combat helicopters, unarmed
transport helicopters, armoured vehicle launched bridges, armoured personnel
carrier look-alikes and armoured infantry fighting vehicle look-alikes subject
to information exchange in accordance with the Protocol on Information Exchange.
(R) The term "in service," as it applies to conventional armed forces and
conventional armaments and equipment, means battle tanks, armoured combat
vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft, primary trainer aircraft, unarmed trainer
aircraft, combat helicopters, unarmed transport helicopters, armoured vehicle
launched bridges, armoured personnel carrier look-alikes and armoured infantry
fighting vehicle look-alikes that are within the area of application, except for
those that are held by organisations designed and structured to perform in
peacetime internal security functions or that meet any of the exceptions set
forth in Article III.
(S) The terms "armoured personnel carrier look-alike" and "armoured
infantry fighting vehicle look-alike" mean an armoured vehicle based on the same
chassis as, and externally similar to, an armoured personnel carrier or armoured
infantry fighting vehicle, respectively, which does not have a cannon or gun of
20 millimetres calibre or greater and which has been constructed or modified in
such a way as not to permit the transportation of a combat infantry squad.
Taking into account the provisions of the Geneva Convention "For the
Amelioration of the Conditions of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the
Field" of 12 August 1949 that confer a special status on ambulances, armoured
personnel carrier ambulances shall not be deemed armoured combat vehicles or
armoured personnel carrier look-alikes.
(T) The term "reduction site" means a clearly designated location where the
reduction of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in
accordance with Article VIII takes place.
(U) The term "reduction liability" means the number in each category of
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty that a State Party
commits itself to reduce during the period of 40 months following the entry into
force of this Treaty in order to ensure compliance with Article VII.
2. Existing types of conventional armaments and equipment subject to the
Treaty are listed in the Protocol on Existing Types. The lists of existing
types shall be periodically updated in accordance with Article XVI, paragraph 2,
subparagraph (D) and Section IV of the Protocol on Existing Types. Such updates
to the existing types lists shall not be deemed amendments to this Treaty.
3. The existing types of combat helicopters listed in the Protocol on
Existing Types shall be categorised in accordance with Section I of the Protocol
on Helicopter Recategorisation.
Article III
1. For the purposes of this Treaty, the States Parties shall apply the
following counting rules:
All battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and
attack helicopters, as defined in Article II, within the area of application
shall be subject to the numerical limitations and other provisions set forth in
Articles IV, V and VI, with the exception of those which in a manner consistent
with a State Party's normal practices:
(A) are in the process of manufacture, including manufacturing-related
testing;
(B) are used exclusively for the purposes of research and development;
(C) belong to historical collections;
(D) are awaiting disposal, having been decommissioned from service in
accordance with the provisions of Article IX;
(E) are awaiting, or are being refurbished for, export or re-export and are
temporarily retained within the area of application. Such battle tanks,
armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and attack helicopters
shall be located elsewhere than at sites declared under the terms of Section V
of the Protocol on Information Exchange or at no more than 10 such declared
sites which shall have been notified in the previous year's annual information
exchange. In the latter case, they shall be separately distinguishable from
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty;
(F) are, in the case of armoured personnel carriers, armoured infantry
fighting vehicles, heavy armament combat vehicles or multi-purpose attack
helicopters, held by organisations designed and structured to perform in
peacetime internal security functions; or
(G) are in transit through the area of application from a location
outside the area of application to a final destination outside the area of
application, and are in the area of application for no longer than a total of
seven days.
2. If, in respect of any such battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles,
artillery, combat aircraft or attack helicopters, the notification of which is
required under Section IV of the Protocol on Information Exchange, a State Party
notifies an unusually high number in more than two successive annual information
exchanges, it shall explain the reasons in the Joint Consultative Group, if so
requested.
Article IV
1. Within the area of application, as defined in Article II, each State Party
shall limit and, as necessary, reduce its battle tanks, armoured combat
vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and attack helicopters so that, 40 months
after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the group of States
Parties to which it belongs, as defined in Article II, the aggregate numbers do
not exceed:
(A) 20,000 battle tanks, of which no more than 16,500 shall be in active
units;
(B) 30,000 armoured combat vehicles, of which no more than 27,300 shall be
in active units. Of the 30,000 armoured combat vehicles, no more than 18,000
shall be armoured infantry fighting vehicles and heavy armament combat vehicles;
of armoured infantry fighting vehicles and heavy armament combat vehicles, no
more than 1,500 shall be heavy armament combat vehicles;
(C) 20,000 pieces of artillery, of which no more than 17,000 shall be in
active units;
(D) 6,800 combat aircraft; and
(E) 2,000 attack helicopters.
Battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery not in active units shall
be placed in designated permanent storage sites, as defined in Article II, and
shall be located only in the area described in paragraph 2 of this Article.
Such designated permanent storage sites may also be located in that part of the
territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics comprising the Odessa
Military District and the southern part of the Leningrad Military District. In
the Odessa Military District, no more than 400 battle tanks and no more than 500
pieces of artillery may be thus stored. In the southern part of the Leningrad
Military District, no more than 600 battle tanks, no more than 800 armoured
combat vehicles, including no more than 300 armoured combat vehicles of any type
with the remaining number consisting of armoured personnel carriers, and no more
than 400 pieces of artillery may be thus stored. The southern part of the
Leningrad Military District is understood to mean the territory within thatmilitary district south of the line East-West 60 degrees 15 minutes northern
latitude.
2. Within the area consisting of the entire land territory in Europe, which
includes all the European island territories, of the Kingdom of Belgium, the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark including the Faroe
Islands, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of
Hungary, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic including the
islands of Azores and Madeira, the Kingdom of Spain including the Canary
Islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and that part
of the territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics west of the Ural
Mountains comprising the Baltic, Byelorussian, Carpathian, Kiev, Moscow and
Volga-Ural Military Districts, each State Party shall limit and, as necessary,
reduce its battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery so that, 40
months after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the group of
States Parties to which it belongs the aggregate numbers do not exceed:
(A) 15,300 battle tanks, of which no more than 11,800 shall be in
active units;
(B) 24,100 armoured combat vehicles, of which no more than 21,400 shall be
in active units; and
(C) 14,000 pieces of artillery, of which no more than 11,000 shall be in
active units.
3. Within the area consisting of the entire land territory in Europe, which
includes all the European island territories, of the Kingdom of Belgium, the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark including the Faroe
Islands, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of
Hungary, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, the Republic of Poland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and that part of the territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics comprising the Baltic, Byelorussian, Carpathian and Kiev Military
Districts, each State Party shall limit and, as necessary, reduce its battle
tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery so that, 40 months after entry
into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the group of States Parties to
which it belongs the aggregate numbers in active units do not exceed:
(A) 10,300 battle tanks;
(B) 19,260 armoured combat vehicles; and
(C) 9,100 pieces of artillery; and
(D) in the Kiev Military District, the aggregate numbers in active units and
designated permanent storage sites together shall not exceed:
(1) 2,250 battle tanks;
(2) 2,500 armoured combat vehicles; and
(3) 1,500 pieces of artillery. 4. Within the area consisting of the entire land territory in Europe, which
includes all the European island territories, of the Kingdom of Belgium, the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic
of Hungary, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and
the Republic of Poland, each State Party shall limit and, as necessary, reduce
its battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery so that, 40 months
after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the group of States
Parties to which it belongs the aggregate numbers in active units do not exceed:
(A) 7,500 battle tanks;
(B) 11,250 armoured combat vehicles; and
(C) 5,000 pieces of artillery.
5. States Parties belonging to the same group of States Parties may locate
battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery in active units in each of
the areas described in this Article and Article V, paragraph 1, subparagraph (A)
up to the numerical limitations applying in that area, consistent with the
maximum levels for holdings notified pursuant to Article VII and provided that
no State Party stations conventional armed forces on the territory of another
State Party without the agreement of that State Party.
6. If a group of States Parties' aggregate numbers of battle tanks, armoured
combat vehicles and artillery in active units within the area described in
paragraph 4 of this Article are less than the numerical limitations set forth in
paragraph 4 of this Article, and provided that no State Party is thereby
prevented from reaching its maximum levels for holdings notified in accordance
with Article VII, paragraphs 2, 3 and 5, then amounts equal to the difference
between the aggregate numbers in each of the categories of battle
tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery and the specified numerical
limitations for that area may be located by States Parties belonging to that
group of States Parties in the area described in paragraph 3 of this Article,
consistent with the numerical limitations specified in paragraph 3 of this
Article.
Article V
1. To ensure that the security of each State Party is not affected adversely
at any stage:
(A) within the area consisting of the entire land territory in Europe, which
includes all the European island territories, of the Republic of Bulgaria, the
Hellenic Republic, the Republic of Iceland, the Kingdom of Norway, Romania, the
part of the Republic of Turkey within the area of application and that part of
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics comprising the Leningrad, Odessa,
Transcaucasus and North Caucasus Military Districts, each State Party shall
limit and, as necessary, reduce its battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and
artillery so that, 40 months after entry into force of this Treaty and
thereafter, for the group of States Parties to which it belongs the aggregate
numbers in active units do not exceed the difference between the overall
numerical limitations set forth in Article IV, paragraph 1 and those in Article
IV, paragraph 2, that is: (1) 4,700 battle tanks;
(2) 5,900 armoured combat vehicles; and
(3) 6,000 pieces of artillery;
(B) notwithstanding the numerical limitations set forth in subparagraph (A)
of this paragraph, a State Party or States Parties may on a temporary basis
deploy into the territory belonging to the members of the same group of States
Parties within the area described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph
additional aggregate numbers in active units for each group of States Parties
not to exceed:
(1) 459 battle tanks;
(2) 723 armoured combat vehicles; and
(3) 420 pieces of artillery; and
(C) provided that for each group of States Parties no more than one-third of
each of these additional aggregate numbers shall be deployed to any State Party
with territory within the area described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph,
that is:
(1) 153 battle tanks;
(2) 241 armoured combat vehicles; and
(3) 140 pieces of artillery.
2. Notification shall be provided to all other States Parties no later than
at the start of the deployment by the State Party or States Parties conducting
the deployment and by the recipient State Party or States Parties, specifying
the total number in each category of battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and
artillery deployed. Notification also shall be provided to all other States
Parties by the State Party or States Parties conducting the deployment and by
the recipient State Party or States Parties within 30 days of the withdrawal of
those battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and artillery that were temporarily
deployed.
Article VI
With the objective of ensuring that no single State Party possesses more than
approximately one-third of the conventional armaments and equipment limited by
the Treaty within the area of application, each State Party shall limit and, as
necessary, reduce its battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat
aircraft and attack helicopters so that, 40 months after entry into force of
this Treaty and thereafter, the numbers within the area of application for that
State Party do not exceed:
(A) 13,300 battle tanks;
(B) 20,000 armoured combat vehicles;
(C) 13,700 pieces of artillery;
(D) 5,150 combat aircraft; and
(E) 1,500 attack helicopters.
Article VII
1. In order that the limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI are not
exceeded, no State Party shall exceed, from 40 months after entry into force of
this Treaty, the maximum levels which it has previously agreed upon within its
group of States Parties, in accordance with paragraph 7 of this Article, for its
holdings of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty and of
which it has provided notification pursuant to the provisions of this Article.
2. Each State Party shall provide at the signature of this Treaty
notification to all other States Parties of the maximum levels for its holdings
of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty. The notification
of the maximum levels for holdings of conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty provided by each State Party at the signature of this
Treaty shall remain valid until the date specified in a subsequent notification
pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article.
3. In accordance with the limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI,
each State Party shall have the right to change the maximum levels for its
holdings of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty. Any
change in the maximum levels for holdings of a State Party shall be notified by
that State Party to all other States Parties at least 90 days in advance of the
date, specified in the notification, on which such a change takes effect. In
order not to exceed any of the limitations set forth in Articles IV and V, any
increase in the maximum levels for holdings of a State Party that would
otherwise cause those limitations to be exceeded shall be preceded or
accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the previously notified maximum
levels for holdings of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty of one or more States Parties belonging to the same group of States
Parties. The notification of a change in the maximum levels for holdings shall
remain valid from the date specified in the notification until the date
specified in a subsequent notification of change pursuant to this paragraph.
4. Each notification required pursuant to paragraph 2 or 3 of this Article
for armoured combat vehicles shall also include maximum levels for the holdings
of armoured infantry fighting vehicles and heavy armament combat vehicles of the
State Party providing the notification.
5. Ninety days before expiration of the 40-month period of reductions set
forth in Article VIII and subsequently at the time of any notification of a
change pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article, each State Party shall provide
notification of the maximum levels for its holdings of battle tanks, armoured
combat vehicles and artillery with respect to each of the areas described in
Article IV, paragraphs 2 to 4 and Article V, paragraph 1, subparagraph (A).
6. A decrease in the numbers of conventional armaments and equipment limited
by the Treaty held by a State Party and subject to notification pursuant to the
Protocol on Information Exchange shall by itself confer no right on any other
State Party to increase the maximum levels for its holdings subject to
notification pursuant to this Article.
7. It shall be the responsibility solely of each individual State
Party to ensure that the maximum levels for its holdings notified pursuant to
the provisions of this Article are not exceeded. States Parties belonging to
the same group of States Parties shall consult in order to ensure that the
maximum levels for holdings notified pursuant to the provisions of this Article,
taken together as appropriate, do not exceed the limitations set forth in
Articles IV, V and VI.
Article VIII
1. The numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI shall be
achieved only by means of reduction in accordance with the Protocol on
Reduction, the Protocol on Helicopter Recategorisation, the Protocol on Aircraft
Reclassification, the Footnote to Section I, paragraph 2, subparagraph (A) of
the Protocol on Existing Types and the Protocol on Inspection.
2. The categories of conventional armaments and equipment subject to
reductions are battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat
aircraft and attack helicopters. The specific types are listed in the Protocol
on Existing Types.
(A) Battle tanks and armoured combat vehicles shall be reduced by
destruction, conversion for non-military purposes, placement on static display,
use as ground targets, or, in the case of armoured personnel carriers,
modification in accordance with the Footnote to Section I, paragraph 2,
subparagraph (A) of the Protocol on Existing Types.
(B) Artillery shall be reduced by destruction or placement on static
display, or, in the case of self-propelled artillery, by use as ground targets.
(C) Combat aircraft shall be reduced by destruction, placement on static
display, use for ground instructional purposes, or, in the case of specific
models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft, reclassification into
unarmed trainer aircraft.
(D) Specialised attack helicopters shall be reduced by destruction,
placement on static display, or use for ground instructional purposes.
(E) Multi-purpose attack helicopters shall be reduced by destruction,
placement on static display, use for ground instructional purposes, or
recategorisation.
3. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty shall be deemed
to be reduced upon execution of the procedures set forth in the Protocols listed
in paragraph 1 of this Article and upon notification as required by these
Protocols. Armaments and equipment so reduced shall no longer be counted
against the numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI.
4. Reductions shall be effected in three phases and completed no later than
40 months after entry into force of this Treaty, so that:
(A) by the end of the first reduction phase, that is, no later than 16
months after entry into force of this Treaty, each State Party shall have
ensured that at least 25 percent of its total reduction liability in each ofthe categories of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty has
been reduced;
(B) by the end of the second reduction phase, that is, no later than 28
months after entry into force of this Treaty, each State Party shall have
ensured that at least 60 percent of its total reduction liability in each of the
categories of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty has
been reduced;
(C) by the end of the third reduction phase, that is, no later than 40
months after entry into force of this Treaty, each State Party shall have
reduced its total reduction liability in each of the categories of conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty. States Parties carrying out
conversion for non-military purposes shall have ensured that the conversion of
all battle tanks in accordance with Section VIII of the Protocol on Reduction
shall have been completed by the end of the third reduction phase; and
(D) armoured combat vehicles deemed reduced by reason of having been
partially destroyed in accordance with Section VIII, paragraph 6 of the Protocol
on Reduction shall have been fully converted for non-military purposes, or
destroyed in accordance with Section IV of the Protocol on Reduction, no later
than 64 months after entry into force of this Treaty.
5. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty to be reduced
shall have been declared present within the area of application in the exchange
of information at signature of this Treaty.
6. No later than 30 days after entry into force of this Treaty, each State
Party shall provide notification to all other States Parties of its reduction
liability.
7. Except as provided for in paragraph 8 of this Article, a State Party's
reduction liability in each category shall be no less than the difference
between its holdings notified, in accordance with the Protocol on Information
Exchange, at signature or effective upon entry into force of this Treaty,
whichever is the greater, and the maximum levels for holdings it notified
pursuant to Article VII.
8. Any subsequent revision of a State Party's holdings notified pursuant to
the Protocol on Information Exchange or of its maximum levels for holdings
notified pursuant to Article VII shall be reflected by a notified adjustment to
its reduction liability. Any notification of a decrease in a State Party's
reduction liability shall be preceded or accompanied by either a notification of
a corresponding increase in holdings not exceeding the maximum levels for
holdings notified pursuant to Article VII by one or more States Parties
belonging to the same group of States Parties, or a notification of a
corresponding increase in the reduction liability of one or more such States
Parties.
9. Upon entry into force of this Treaty, each State Party shall notify all
other States Parties, in accordance with the Protocol on Information Exchange,
of the locations of its reduction sites, including those where the final
conversion of battle tanks and armoured combat vehicles for non-military
purposes will be carried out.
10. Each State Party shall have the right to designate as many reduction
sites as it wishes, to revise without restriction its designation of such sites
and to carry out reduction and final conversion simultaneously at a maximum of
20 sites. States Parties shall have the right to share or co-locate reduction
sites by mutual agreement.
11. Notwithstanding paragraph 10 of this Article, during the baseline
validation period, that is, the interval between entry into force of this Treaty
and 120 days after entry into force of this Treaty, reduction shall be carried
out simultaneously at no more than two reduction sites for each State Party.
12. Reduction of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty
shall be carried out at reduction sites, unless otherwise specified in the
Protocols listed in paragraph 1 of this Article, within the area of application.
13. The reduction process, including the results of the conversion of
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty for non-military
purposes both during the reduction period and in the 24 months following the
reduction period, shall be subject to inspection, without right of refusal, in
accordance with the Protocol on Inspection.
Article IX
1. Other than removal from service in accordance with the provisions of
Article VIII, battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft
and attack helicopters within the area of application shall be removed from
service only by decommissioning, provided that:
(A) such conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty are
decommissioned and awaiting disposal at no more than eight sites which shall be
notified as declared sites in accordance with the Protocol on Information
Exchange and shall be identified in such notifications as holding areas for
decommissioned conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty. If sites containing conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty decommissioned from service also contain any other conventional armaments
and equipment subject to the Treaty, the decommissioned conventional armaments
and equipment limited by the Treaty shall be separately distinguishable; and
(B) the numbers of such decommissioned conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty do not exceed, in the case of any individual State Party,
one percent of its notified holdings of conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty, or a total of 250, whichever is greater, of which no more
than 200 shall be battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles and pieces of
artillery, and no more than 50 shall be attack helicopters and combat aircraft.
2. Notification of decommissioning shall include the number and type of
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty decommissioned and
the location of decommissioning and shall be provided to all other States
Parties in accordance with Section IX, paragraph 1, subparagraph (B) of the
Protocol on Information Exchange.
Article X
1. Designated permanent storage sites shall be notified in accordance with
the Protocol on Information Exchange to all other States Parties by the StateParty to which the conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty
contained at designated permanent storage sites belong. The notification shall
include the designation and location, including geographic coordinates, of
designated permanent storage sites and the numbers by type of each category of
its conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty at each such
storage site.
2. Designated permanent storage sites shall contain only facilities
appropriate for the storage and maintenance of armaments and equipment (e.g.,
warehouses, garages, workshops and associated stores as well as other support
accommodation). Designated permanent storage sites shall not contain firing
ranges or training areas associated with conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty. Designated permanent storage sites shall contain only
armaments and equipment belonging to the conventional armed forces of a State
Party.
3. Each designated permanent storage site shall have a clearly defined
physical boundary that shall consist of a continuous perimeter fence at least
1.5 metres in height. The perimeter fence shall have no more than three gates
providing the sole means of entrance and exit for armaments and equipment.
4. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty located within
designated permanent storage sites shall be counted as conventional armaments
and equipment limited by the Treaty not in active units, including when they are
temporarily removed in accordance with paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 of this
Article. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in storage
other than in designated permanent storage sites shall be counted as
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in active units.
5. Active units or formations shall not be located within designated
permanent storage sites, except as provided for in paragraph 6 of this Article.
6. Only personnel associated with the security or operation of designated
permanent storage sites, or the maintenance of the armaments and equipment
stored therein, shall be located within the designated permanent storage sites.
7. For the purpose of maintenance, repair or modification of conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty located within designated
permanent storage sites, each State Party shall have the right, without prior
notification, to remove from and retain outside designated permanent storage
sites simultaneously up to 10 percent, rounded up to the nearest even whole
number, of the notified holdings of each category of conventional armaments and
equipment limited by the Treaty in each designated permanent storage site, or 10
items of the conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in each
category in each designated permanent storage site, whichever is less.
8. Except as provided for in paragraph 7 of this Article, no State
Party shall remove conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty
from designated permanent storage sites unless notification has been provided to
all other States Parties at least 42 days in advance of such removal.
Notification shall be given by the State Party to which the conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty belong. Such notification shall
specify:
(A) the location of the designated permanent storage site from whichconventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty are to be removed and
the numbers by type of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty of each category to be removed;
(B) the dates of removal and return of conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty; and
(C) the intended location and use of conventional armaments and equipment
limited by the Treaty while outside the designated permanent storage site.
9. Except as provided for in paragraph 7 of this Article, the aggregate
numbers of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty removed
from and retained outside designated permanent storage sites by States Parties
belonging to the same group of States Parties shall at no time exceed the
following levels:
(A) 550 battle tanks;
(B) 1,000 armoured combat vehicles; and
(C) 300 pieces of artillery.
10. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty removed from
designated permanent storage sites pursuant to paragraphs 8 and 9 of this
Article shall be returned to designated permanent storage sites no later than 42
days after their removal, except for those items of conventional armaments and
equipment limited by the Treaty removed for industrial rebuild. Such items
shall be returned to designated permanent storage sites immediately on
completion of the rebuild.
11. Each State Party shall have the right to replace conventional armaments
and equipment limited by the Treaty located in designated permanent storage
sites. Each State Party shall notify all other States Parties, at the beginning
of replacement, of the number, location, type and disposition of conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty being replaced.
Article XI
1. Each State Party shall limit its armoured vehicle launched bridges so
that, 40 months after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the
group of States Parties to which it belongs the aggregate number of armoured
vehicle launched bridges in active units within the area of application does not
exceed 740.
2. All armoured vehicle launched bridges within the area of application in
excess of the aggregate number specified in paragraph 1 of this Article for each
group of States Parties shall be placed in designated permanent storage sites,
as defined in Article II. When armoured vehicle launched bridges are placed in
a designated permanent storage site, either on their own or together with
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty, Article X,
paragraphs 1 to 6 shall apply to armoured vehicle launched bridges as well as to
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty. Armoured vehicle
launched bridges placed in designated permanent storage sites shall not be
considered as being in active units.
3. Except as provided for in paragraph 6 of this Article, armoured vehicle
launched bridges may be removed, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 4 and 5
of this Article, from designated permanent storage sites only after notification
has been provided to all other States Parties at least 42 days prior to such
removal. This notification shall specify:
(A) the locations of the designated permanent storage sites from
which armoured vehicle launched bridges are to be removed and the numbers of
armoured vehicle launched bridges to be removed from each such site;
(B) the dates of removal of armoured vehicle launched bridges from and
return to designated permanent storage sites; and
(C) the intended use of armoured vehicle launched bridges during the period
of their removal from designated permanent storage sites.
4. Except as provided for in paragraph 6 of this Article, armoured vehicle
launched bridges removed from designated permanent storage sites shall be
returned to them no later than 42 days after the actual date of removal.
5. The aggregate number of armoured vehicle launched bridges removed from and
retained outside of designated permanent storage sites by each group of States
Parties shall not exceed 50 at any one time.
6. States Parties shall have the right, for the purpose of maintenance or
modification, to remove and have outside of designated permanent storage sites
simultaneously up to 10 percent, rounded up to the nearest even whole number, of
their notified holdings of armoured vehicle launched bridges in each designated
permanent storage site, or 10 armoured vehicle launched bridges from each
designated permanent storage site, whichever is less.
7. In the event of natural disasters involving flooding or damage to
permanent bridges, States Parties shall have the right to withdraw armoured
vehicle launched bridges from designated permanent storage sites. Notification
to all other States Parties of such withdrawals shall be given at the time of
withdrawal.
Article XII
1. Armoured infantry fighting vehicles held by organisations of a State Party
designed and structured to perform in peacetime internal security functions,
which are not structured and organised for ground combat against an external
enemy, are not limited by this Treaty. The foregoing notwithstanding, in order
to enhance the implementation of this Treaty and to provide assurance that the
number of such armaments held by such organisations shall not be used to
circumvent the provisions of this Treaty, any such armaments in excess of 1,000
armoured infantry fighting vehicles assigned by a State Party to organisations
designed and structured to perform in peacetime internal security functions
shall constitute a portion of the permitted levels specified in Articles IV, V
and VI. No more than 600 such armoured infantry fighting vehicles of a State
Party, assigned to such organisations, may be located in that part of the area
of application described in Article V, paragraph 1, subparagraph (A). Each
State Party shall further ensure that such organisations refrain from the
acquisition of combat capabilities in excess of those necessary for meeting
internal security requirements.
2. A State Party that intends to reassign battle tanks, armoured infantry
fighting vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft, attack helicopters and armoured
vehicle launched bridges in service with its conventional armed forces to any
organisation of that State Party not a part of its conventional armed forces
shall notify all other States Parties no later than the date such reassignment
takes effect. Such notification shall specify the effective date of the
reassignment, the date such equipment is physically transferred, as well as the
numbers, by type, of the conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty being reassigned.
Article XIII
1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, each State Party shall provide notifications and exchange
information pertaining to its conventional armaments and equipment in accordance
with the Protocol on Information Exchange.
2. Such notifications and exchange of information shall be provided
in accordance with Article XVII.
3. Each State Party shall be responsible for its own information; receipt of
such information and of notifications shall not imply validation or acceptance
of the information provided.
Article XIV
1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, each State Party shall have the right to conduct, and the
obligation to accept, within the area of application, inspections in accordance
with the provisions of the Protocol on Inspection.
2. The purpose of such inspections shall be:
(A) to verify, on the basis of the information provided pursuant to the
Protocol on Information Exchange, the compliance of States Parties with the
numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V and VI;
(B) to monitor the process of reduction of battle tanks, armoured combat
vehicles, artillery, combat aircraft and attack helicopters carried out at
reduction sites in accordance with Article VIII and the Protocol on Reduction;
and
(C) to monitor the certification of recategorised multi-purpose attack
helicopters and reclassified combat-capable trainer aircraft carried out in
accordance with the Protocol on Helicopter Recategorisation and the Protocol on
Aircraft Reclassification, respectively.
3. No State Party shall exercise the rights set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2
of this Article in respect of States Parties which belong to the group of States
Parties to which it belongs in order to elude the objectives of the verification
regime.
4. In the case of an inspection conducted jointly by more than one State
Party, one of them shall be responsible for the execution of the provisions of
this Treaty.
5. The number of inspections pursuant to Sections VII and VIII of the
Protocol on Inspection which each State Party shall have the right to conduct
and the obligation to accept during each specified time period shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of Section II of that Protocol.
6. Upon completion of the 120-day residual level validation period, each
State Party shall have the right to conduct, and each State Party with territory
within the area of application shall have the obligation to accept, an agreed
number of aerial inspections within the area of application. Such agreed
numbers and other applicable provisions shall be developed during negotiations
referred to in Article XVIII.
Article XV
1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, a State Party shall have the right to use, in addition to the
procedures referred to in Article XIV, national or multinational technical means
of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with generally recognised
principles of international law.
2. A State Party shall not interfere with national or multinational technical
means of verification of another State Party operating in accordance with
paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. A State Party shall not use concealment measures that impede verification
of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty by national or multinational
technical means of verification of another State Party operating in accordance
with paragraph 1 of this Article. This obligation does not apply to cover or
concealment practices associated with normal personnel training, maintenance or
operations involving conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty.
Article XVI
1. To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this
Treaty, the States Parties hereby establish a Joint Consultative Group.
2. Within the framework of the Joint Consultative Group, the States Parties
shall:
(A) address questions relating to compliance with or possible circumvention
of the provisions of this Treaty;
(B) seek to resolve ambiguities and differences of interpretation that may
become apparent in the way this Treaty is implemented;
(C) consider and, if possible, agree on measures to enhance the viability
and effectiveness of this Treaty;
(D) update the lists contained in the Protocol on Existing Types, as
required by Article II, paragraph 2;
(E) resolve technical questions in order to seek common practices among the
States Parties in the way this Treaty is implemented;
(F) work out or revise, as necessary, rules of procedure, working methods,
the scale of distribution of expenses of the Joint Consultative Group and of
conferences convened under this Treaty and the distribution of costs of
inspections between or among States Parties;
(G) consider and work out appropriate measures to ensure that information
obtained through exchanges of information among the States Parties or as a
result of inspections pursuant to this Treaty is used solely for the purposes of
this Treaty, taking into account the particular requirements of each State Party
in respect of safeguarding information which that State Party specifies as being
sensitive;
(H) consider, upon the request of any State Party, any matter that a State
Party wishes to propose for examination by any conference to be convened in
accordance with Article XXI; such consideration shall not prejudice the right of
any State Party to resort to the procedures set forth in Article XXI; and
(I) consider matters of dispute arising out of the implementation of this
Treaty.
3. Each State Party shall have the right to raise before the Joint
Consultative Group, and have placed on its agenda, any issue relating to this
Treaty.
4. The Joint Consultative Group shall take decisions or make recommendations
by consensus. Consensus shall be understood to mean the absence of any
objection by any representative of a State Party to the taking of a decision or
the making of a recommendation.
5. The Joint Consultative Group may propose amendments to this Treaty for
consideration and confirmation in accordance with Article XX. The Joint
Consultative Group may also agree on improvements to the viability and
effectiveness of this Treaty, consistent with its provisions. Unless such
improvements relate only to minor matters of an administrative or technical
nature, they shall be subject to consideration and confirmation in accordance
with Article XX before they can take effect.
6. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to prohibit or restrict any State
Party from requesting information from or undertaking consultations with other
States Parties on matters relating to this Treaty and its implementation in
channels or fora other than the Joint Consultative Group.
7. The Joint Consultative Group shall follow the procedures set forth in the
Protocol on the Joint Consultative Group.
Article XVII
The States Parties shall transmit information and notifications required by this
Treaty in written form. They shall use diplomatic channels or other official
channels designated by them, including in particular a communications network to
be established by a separate arrangement.
Article XVIII 1. The States Parties, after signature of this Treaty, shall continue the
negotiations on conventional armed forces with the same Mandate and with the
goal of building on this Treaty.
2. The objective for these negotiations shall be to conclude an agreement on
additional measures aimed at further strengthening security and stability in
Europe, and pursuant to the Mandate, including measures to limit the personnel
strength of their conventional armed forces within the area of application.
3. The States Parties shall seek to conclude these negotiations no later than
the follow-up meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe to
be held in Helsinki in 1992.
Article XIX
1. This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration. It may be supplemented by a
further treaty.
2. Each State Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the
right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events
related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardised its supreme
interests. A State Party intending to withdraw shall give notice of its
decision to do so to the Depositary and to all other States Parties. Such
notice shall be given at least 150 days prior to the intended withdrawal from
this Treaty. It shall include a statement of the extraordinary events the State
Party regards as having jeopardised its supreme interests.
3. Each State Party shall, in particular, in exercising its national
sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if another State Party
increases its holdings in battle tanks, armoured combat vehicles, artillery,
combat aircraft or attack helicopters, as defined in Article II, which are
outside the scope of the limitations of this Treaty, in such proportions as to
pose an obvious threat to the balance of forces within the area of application.
Article XX
1. Any State Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. The text of a
proposed amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary, which shall circulate
it to all the States Parties.
2. If an amendment is approved by all the States Parties, it shall enter into
force in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article XXII governing the
entry into force of this Treaty.
Article XXI
1. Forty-six months after entry into force of this Treaty, and at five-year
intervals thereafter, the Depositary shall convene a conference of the States
Parties to conduct a review of the operation of this Treaty.
2. The Depositary shall convene an extraordinary conference of the States
Parties, if requested to do so by any State Party which considers that
exceptional circumstances relating to this Treaty have arisen, in particular, in
the event that a State Party has announced its intention to leave its group of
States Parties or to join the other group of States Parties, as defined inArticle II, paragraph 1, subparagraph (A). In order to enable the other States
Parties to prepare for this conference, the request shall include the reason why
that State Party deems an [*23] extraordinary conference to be necessary.
The conference shall consider the circumstances set forth in the request and
their effect on the operation of this Treaty. The conference shall open no
later than 15 days after receipt of the request and, unless it decides
otherwise, shall last no longer than three weeks.
3. The Depositary shall convene a conference of the States Parties to
consider an amendment proposed pursuant to Article XX, if requested to do so by
three or more States Parties. Such a conference shall open no later than 21
days after receipt of the necessary requests.
4. In the event that a State Party gives notice of its decision to withdraw
from this Treaty pursuant to Article XIX, the Depositary shall convene a
conference of the States Parties which shall open no later than 21 days after
receipt of the notice of withdrawal in order to consider questions relating to
the withdrawal from this Treaty.
Article XXII
1. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by each State Party in
accordance with its constitutional procedures. Instruments of ratification
shall be deposited with the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, hereby
designated the Depositary.
2. This Treaty shall enter into force 10 days after instruments of
ratification have been deposited by all States Parties listed in the Preamble.
3. The Depositary shall promptly inform all States Parties of:
(A) the deposit of each instrument of ratification;
(B) the entry into force of this Treaty;
(C) any withdrawal in accordance with Article XIX and its effective date;
(D) the text of any amendment proposed in accordance with Article XX;
(E) the entry into force of any amendment to this Treaty;
(F) any request to convene a conference in accordance with Article XXI;
(G) the convening of a conference pursuant to Article XXI; and
(H) any other matter of which the Depositary is required by this Treaty to
inform the States Parties.
4. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary pursuant to Article 102
of the Charter of the United Nations.
Article XXIII
The original of this Treaty, of which the English, French, German, Italian,
Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in thearchives of the Depositary. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be
transmitted by the Depositary to all the States Parties.
PROTOCOL ON EXISTING TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
The States Parties hereby agree upon: (a) lists, valid as of the date of Treaty
signature, of existing types of conventional armaments and equipment subject to
the measures of limitation, reduction, information exchange and verification;
(b) procedures for the provision of technical data and photographs relevant to
such existing types of conventional armaments and equipment; and (c) procedures
for updating the lists of such existing types of conventional armaments and
equipment, in accordance with Article II of the Treaty on Conventional Armed
Forces in Europe of November 19, 1990, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty.
SECTION I. EXISTING TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND EQUIPMENT LIMITED BY
THE TREATY
I. Existing types of battle tanks are:
M-1
M-60
M-48
M-47
Leopard 1
Leopard 2
AMX-30
Challenger
Chieftain
Centurion
M-41
NM-116
T-54
T-55
T-72
T-34
T-54
T-55
T-62
T-64
T-72
T-80
TR-85
TR-580
All models and versions of an existing type of battle tank listed above shall be
deemed to be battle tanks of that type.
2. Existing types of armoured combat vehicles are:
(A) Armoured Personnel Carriers:
YPR-765
AMX-13 VTT
M113
M75 Spartan
Grizzly
TPz-1 Fuchs
VAB
M59
Leonidas
VCC1
VCC2
Saxon
AFV 432
Saracen
Humber
BDX
BMR-600
Chaimite V200
V150S
EBR-ETT
M3A1
YP 408
BLR
VIB
LVTP-7
6614/G
BTR-152
BTR-50
BTR-60
BTR-70
MT-LB *
* This multi-purpose lightly armoured vehicle may be exceptionally modified
within 40 months of entry into force of the Treaty into an armoured personnel
carrier look-alike listed in Section II, paragraph 1 of this Protocol as
MT-LB-AT by alteration of the interior of the vehicle through the removal of the
left-hand combat infantry squad seating and the welding of the ammunition
racking to the side and the floor at a minimum of six points so that the vehicle
is not capable of transporting a combat infantry squad. Such modifications may
be accomplished at locations other than reduction sites. MT-LB armoured
personnel carriers that have not been modified shall be reported in accordance
with the Protocol on Information Exchange as armoured personnel carriers.
BTR-40
BTR-152
BTR-50
BTR-60
OT-62 (TOPAS)
OT-64 (SKOT)
OT-90
FUG D-442
BTR-70
BTR-80
BTR-D
TAB-77
OT-810
PSZH D-944
TABC-79
TAB-71
MLVM
MT-LB *
* This multi-purpose lightly armoured vehicle may be exceptionally modified
within 40 months of entry into force of the Treaty into an armoured personnel
carrier look-alike listed in Section II, paragraph 1 of this Protocol as
MT-LB-AT by alteration of the interior of the vehicle through the removal of the
left-hand combat infantry squad seating and the welding of the ammunition
racking to the side and the floor at a minimum of six points so that the vehicle
is not capable of transporting a combat infantry squad. Such modifications may
be accomplished at locations other than reduction sites. MT-LB armoured
personnel carriers that have not been modified shall be reported in accordance
with the Protocol on Information Exchange as armoured personnel carriers.
All models and versions of an existing type of armoured personnel carrier listed
above shall be deemed to be armoured personnel carriers of that type, unless
such models and versions are included in the armoured personnel carrier
look-alike list in Section II, paragraph 1 of this Protocol.
(B) Armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicles:
YPR-765 (25mm)
Marder
AMX-10P
Warrior
M2/M3 Bradley
AFV 432 Rarden
NM-135
BMP-1/BRM-1
BMP-2
BMP-1/BRM-1
BMP-2
BMP-23
MLI-84
BMD-1
BMD-2
BMP-3
All models and versions of an existing type of an armoured infantry fighting
vehicle listed above shall be deemed to be armoured infantry fighting vehicles
of that type, unless such models and versions are included in the armoured
infantry fighting vehicle look-alike list in Section II, paragraph 2 of this
Protocol.
(C) Heavy Armament Combat Vehicles:
AMX-10RC
ERC 90 Sagaye
BMR-625-90
Commando V150
Scorpion
Saladin
JPK-90
M-24
AMX-13 EBR-75 Panhard
PT-76
PT-76
SU-76
SU-100
ISU-152
All models and versions of an existing type of heavy armament combat vehicle
listed above shall be deemed to be heavy armament combat vehicles of that type.
3. Existing types of artillery are:
(A) Guns, Howitzers and Artillery Pieces Combining the Characteristics of
Guns and Howitzers:
105mm: 105 Light Gun
M18
105 Krupp Gun
105 R Metal Gun
105 Pack How
M 56 Pack How
M 101 Towed How
M102 Towed How
Abbot SP Gun
M108 SP How
M52 SP How
105 HM-2 How
M-38 Gun (Skoda)
105 AU 50 How
R58/M26 Towed How
122mm: 122/46 Field Gun
D30 How
M 30 How
2S1 SP How
130mm: M 46 Gun
140mm: 5.5" (139.7mm)
Towed How
150mm: 150 Skoda Gun
152mm: D20 Gun-How
2S3 SP How
155mm: M114 Towed How
M114/39 (M-139)
Towed How
FH-70 Towed How
M109 SP How
M198 Towed How
155 TRF1 Gun
155 AUF1 Gun
155 AMF3 Gun
155 BF50 Gun
M44 SP How
M59 Towed Gun
SP70 SP How
175mm: M107 SP Gun
203mm: M115 Towed How
M110 SP How M55 SP How
100mm: BS-3 Field Gun
Model 53 Field Gun
Skoda How (Model
1914/1934, 1930, 1934)
Skoda How (Model 1939)
105 mm: Schneider Field Gun
(Model 1936)
120mm: 2B16 How
2S9 SP How
122mm: D30 How
M-30 How
D74 How
2S1 SP How
A19 Gun (Model 31/37)
Model 89 SP How
130mm: Gun 82
M-46 Gun
150mm: Skoda How (Model 1934)
Ceh How (Model 1937)
152mm: D1 How
2S3 SP How
2A65 How
ML20 How-Gun
D20 Gun-How
Gun 81
2A36 Gun
Dana SP Gun-How M77
2S5 SP Gun
2S19 SP How
Gun-How 85
How Model 1938
How 81
203mm: B4 How
2S7 SP Gun
(B) Mortars:
107mm: 4.2" (ground mounted
or on M106 armoured vehicle)
120mm: Brandt (M60, M-120-60;
SLM-120-AM-50)
M120 RTF 1
M120 M51
Soltam/Tampella
(ground mounted
or on M113 armoured
vehicle)
Ecia Mod L (ground
mounted M-L or mounted
on either the BMR-600 or
M113 armoured vehicle)
HY12 (Tosam)
2B11 (2S12)
107mm: Mortar M-1938
120mm: 2B11 (2S12) M 120 Model 38/43
Tundzha/Tundzha Sani SP
Mortar (mounted on
MT-LB)
Mortar Model 1982
B-24
160mm: M160
240mm: M240
2S4 SP Mortar
(C) Multiple Launch Rocket Systems:
110mm: LARS
122mm: BM-21
RM-70
140mm: Teruel MLAS
227mm: MLRS
122mm: BM-21 (BM-21-1,BM-
21V)
RM-70
APR-21
APR-40
130mm: M-51
RM-130
BM-13
R.2
140mm: BM-14
220mm: BM-22/27
240mm: BM-24
280mm: Uragan 9P140
300mm: Smerch
All models and versions of an existing type of artillery listed above
shall be deemed to be artillery of that type.
4. Existing types of combat aircraft are:
A-7
A-10
Alpha Jet A
AM-X
Buccaneer
Canberra
Draken
F-4
F-5
F-15
F-16
F-18
F-84
F-102
F-104
F-111
G-91
Harrier
Hunter Jaguar
Lightning
MiG-21
MiG-23
MiG-29
MB-339
Mirage F1
Mirage III
Mirage IV
Mirage V
Mirage 2000
SU-22
Tornado
IAR-93
IL-28
MiG-15
MiG-17
MiG-21
MiG-23
MiG-25
MiG-27
MiG-29
MiG-31
SU-7
SU-15
SU-17
SU-20
SU-22
SU-24
SU-25
SU-27
TU-16
TU-22
TU-22M
TU-128
Yak-28
All models or versions of an existing type of combat aircraft listed above shall
be deemed to be combat aircraft of that type.
5. Existing types of attack helicopters are:
(A) Specialised Attack Helicopters:
A-129 Mangusta
AH-1 Cobra
AH-64 Apache
Mi-24
Mi-24
Subject to the provisions in Section I, paragraph 3 of the Protocol on
Helicopter Recategorisation, all models or versions of an existing type of
specialised attack helicopter listed above shall be deemed to be specialised
attack helicopters of that type.
(B) Multi-Purpose Attack Helicopters:
A-109 Hirundo
Alouette III
BO-105/PAH-1
Fennec AS 550 C-2
Gazelle
Lynx
Mi-8
OH-58 Kiowa/AB-206/CH-136
Scout
Wessex
IAR-316
Mi-8/Mi-17
Subject to the provisions in Section I, paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Protocol on
Helicopter Recategorisation, all models or versions of an existing type of
multi-purpose attack helicopter listed above shall be deemed to be multi-purpose
attack helicopters of that type.
SECTION II. EXISTING TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND EQUIPMENT NOT LIMITED
BY THE TREATY
1. Existing types of armoured personnel carrier look-alikes are:
YPR-765 MILAN
CP
PRCOC1
PRCOC2
PRCOC4
PRCOC5
PRMR
AMX-13 VTT MILAN
PC
M113 MILAN
A1/A2(ATGW)
E/W TOW
ARTFC
ARTOBS
FACONT
MORTFC
A1E
Mortar Carrier
S1G
HFTRSM
CP
CPSVC
A1CP
A1ECP
4.2"/M106 A1 4.2"
M106 81mm
M-125 81mm
M125 A1 81mm
M125 A2 81mm
NM-125 81mm
TPz-1 FUCHS HFTRSM AD CP
CP
ENGRCP
ELOKA
NBC
RASIT
M59 CP
LEONIDAS 1
VAB PC
BMR-600 SIG
PC
81mm
SPARTAN STRIKER
SAMSON
CP
JAVELIN
MILAN
SAXON AD
CP
MAINT
AFV 432 CP/RA
81mm
CYMB
AFV 435
AFV 436
AFV 439
HUMBER SQUIRT
SARACEN SQUIRT
CP
ADR
YP 408 PWMR
PWCO
PWAT
PWRDR
PWV
BTR-50 PU
PK(MRF)
PK(B)
BTR-60 PU-12/PA PU-12
BBS
ABS
R-137B
R-140BM
R-145
R-156
R-409 BM
P-238 BT
P-240 BT
P-241 BT
B
MT-LB P1
MP-21-25
1W-13-16
AFMS
R-381 T
R-330 P Beta 3M
MTP-LB
BTR-40 CP
BTR-50 PU
PUM
P
PUR 82
PK (MRF)
UR-67
PK (B)
MTP-1
BTR-152 CP
BTR-60 PU
PU-12/PA PU-12
PAU
BBS
ABS
R-137 B
R-140 BM
R-145
R-156
R-409 BM
P-238BT
P-240BT
P-241BT
E-351BR
R-975
MTP-2
1V18, 1V19
1V118
B
BTR-70 KShM
SPR-2
BREM
ZS-88
Kh
BTR-80 1V119
RCHM-4
BTR-D ZD
RD
OT-62(TOPAS) CP
WPT/DPT-62
BREM
R-2M
R-3M
R-3MT
R-4MT
OT-64(SKOT) CP
R-3Z
R-2M
R-3MT
R-4
R-4MT
R-2AM
PROPAGANDA
R-4M R-6
WPT/DR-64
BREM
S-260 inz.
S-260 art.
OT-810 OT-810/R-112
OT90 VP 90
FUG D-442 VS
MRP
OT-65/R-112
OT-65 DP
OT-65 CH
PSZH D-944 CP
MT-LB AT
KShM-R-81
R-80
9S743
PI
1W-13-16
1W-21-25
1W-12
MP-21-25
AFMS
R-381T
R-330P
Beta 3M
SPR-1
WPT/DTP
BREM
TR1
MTP-LB
BRM Sova/
BRM 30
TAB-71 A
TERA-71-L
AR
TAB-77 A
TERA-77-L
RCH-84
PCOMA
TABC-79 AR
A-POMA
TAB TCG-80
MLVM AR
2. Existing types of armoured infantry fighting vehicle look-alikes
are:
WARRIOR RA
REP
REC
BMP-1 MTP
MP-31
BMP-1 KSh
9S743
PRP-3, -4
MP-31 B
SVO
DTB-80
VPV
IRM
MTP
BREM-4, -2, -D
BMD-1 KSh
BRM-1 KSh
3. Existing types of primary trainer aircraft which are designed and
constructed for primary flying training and which may possess only limited
armament capability necessary for basic training in weapon delivery techniques
are:
Alpha Jet E
C-101 Aviojet
Fouga
Hawk
Jet Provost
L-39
MB-326
PD-808
T-2
T-33/CT-133
T-37
T-38
I-22
IAR-99
L-29
L-39
TS-11
4. Existing types of combat support helicopters are:
A-109 Hirundo
AB-412
Alouette II
Alouette III
Blackhawk
Bell 47/AB 47/Sioux
BO-105
CH53
Chinook
Fennec AS 555 A
Hughes 300
Hughes 500/OH-6
Mi-8
OH-58 Kiowa/AB-206/CH-136
Puma
Sea King
UH-1A/1B/AB-204
UH-1D/1H/AB-205
UH-1N/AB-212
Wessex
IAR-316
IAR-330
Mi-2
Mi-6
Mi-8/Mi-17
5. Existing types of unarmed transport helicopters which are not equipped for
the employment of weapons are:
AB 47
AB-412
Alouette II
CH53
Chinook
Cougar AS 532 U
Dauphin AS 365 N1
Hughes 300
NH 500
Puma
Sea King/H-3F/HAR 3
SH-3D
UH-1D/1H/AB-205
UH-1N/AB-212
Mi-2
Mi-26
SA-365N Dauphin
W-3 Sokol
6. Existing types of armoured vehicle launched bridges are:
M47 AVLB
M48 AVLB
M60 AVLB
Centurion AVLB
Chieftain AVLB
Brueckenlegepanzer Biber/Leopard 1 AVLB
MTU
MT-20
MT-55A
MTU-72
BLG-60
BLG-67M
BLG-67M2
SECTION III. TECHNICAL DATA AND PHOTOGRAPHS
1. Technical data, in accordance with the agreed categories in the Annex to
this Protocol, together with photographs presenting the right or left side, top
and front views for each of its existing types of conventional armaments and
equipment listed in Sections I and II of this Protocol shall be provided by each
State Party to all other States Parties at the signature of the Treaty. In
addition, photographs of armoured personnel carrier look-alikes and armoured
infantry fighting vehicle look-alikes shall include a view of such vehicles so
as to show clearly their internal configuration illustrating the specific
characteristic which distinguishes this particular vehicle as a look-alike.
Photographs in addition to those required by this paragraph may be provided at
the discretion of each State Party.
2. Each existing type of conventional armaments and equipment listed in
Sections I and II of this Protocol shall have a model or version of that type
designated as an exemplar. Photographs shall be provided for each such
designated exemplar pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Section. Photographs shall
not be required of models and versions of a type that have no significant
externally observable differences from the exemplar of that type. The
photographs of each exemplar of a type shall contain an annotation of the
existing type designation and national nomenclature for all models and versions
of the type that the photographs of the exemplar represent. The photographs of
each exemplar of a type shall contain an annotation of the technical data for
that type in accordance with the agreed categories in the Annex to this
Protocol. In addition, the annotation shall indicate all models and versions of
the type that the photographs of the exemplar represent. Such technical data
shall be annotated on the side view photograph.
SECTION IV. UPDATES OF EXISTING TYPES LISTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATES
PARTIES
1. This Protocol constitutes agreement by the States Parties only with
respect to existing types of conventional armaments and equipment as well as
with respect to the categories of technical data set forth in Sections I and II
of the Annex to this Protocol.
2. Each State Party shall be responsible for the accuracy of
technical data for only its own conventional armaments and equipment provided in
accordance with Section III of this Protocol.
3. Each State Party shall notify all other States Parties, upon the entry
into service with the armed forces of that State Party within the area of
application, of: (a) any new type of conventional armaments and equipment which
meets one of the definitions in Article II of the Treaty or which falls under a
category listed in this Protocol, and (b) any new model or version of a type
listed in this Protocol. At the same time, each State Party shall provide all
other States Parties with the technical data and photographs required by Section
III of this Protocol.
4. As soon as possible, and in any case no later than 60 days following anotification pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Section, the States Parties shall
initiate update actions, in accordance with the provisions set forth in Article
XVI of the Treaty and the Protocol on the Joint Consultative Group, for the
lists of existing types of conventional armaments and equipment in Sections I
and II of this Protocol.
ANNEX TO THE PROTOCOL ON EXISTING TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT
SECTION I. AGREED CATEGORIES OF TECHNICAL DATA
The following are agreed categories of technical data for each model and version
of existing types of conventional armaments and equipment:
1. Battle Tanks
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Main Gun Calibre
Unladen Weight
2. Armoured Combat Vehicles
Armoured Personnel Carriers
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Type and Calibre of Armaments, if any
Armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicles
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Type and Calibre of Armaments
Heavy Armament Combat Vehicles
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Main Gun Calibre
Unladen Weight
3. Artillery
Guns, Howitzers and Artillery Pieces Combining the Characteristics of Guns
and Howitzers
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Calibre
Mortars
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Calibre
Multiple Launch Rocket Systems
Existing Type
National Nomenclature Calibre
4. Combat Aircraft
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
5. Attack Helicopters
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
6. Armoured Personnel Carrier Look-Alikes
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Type and Calibre of Armaments, if any
7. Armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicle Look-Alikes
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Type and Calibre of Armaments, if any
8. Primary Trainer Aircraft
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
Type of Armanents, if any
9. Combat Support Helicopters
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
10. Unarmed Transport Helicopters
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
11. Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridges
Existing Type
National Nomenclature
SECTION II. SPECIFICATIONS FOR PHOTOGRAPHS
Photographs provided pursuant to Section III of this Protocol shall be in black
and white. The use of flash and lighting equipment shall be allowed. The
object being photographed shall contrast with the background of the photograph.
All photographs shall be of high definition, with continuous tone and in sharp
focus. Photographs measuring 13 centimetres by 18 centimetres, not including a
border, shall be provided. For aspects other than overhead, all photographs
shall be taken from the same level as the equipment being photographed, with
the camera placed along or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the object
being photographed; for the top view, photographs shall show the top and may
show the rear aspects of the equipment. The object being photographed shall
fill at least 80 percent of the photograph in either horizontal or vertical
aspect. A reference gauge shall be included in each photograph together with
the object. The gauge shall have alternating half-metre sections in black and
white. It shall be long enough to provide accurate scaling and shall be placed
on or against the object or in close proximity to it. Each photograph shall be
labelled to provide the information required by Section III, paragraph 2 of this
Protocol as well as the date when the photograph was taken.
PROTOCOL ON PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE RECLASSIFICATION OF SPECIFIC
MODELS OR VERSIONS OF COMBAT-CAPABLE TRAINER AIRCRAFT INTO UNARMED TRAINER
AIRCRAFT
The States Parties hereby agree upon procedures and provisions governing total
disarming and certification of the unarmed status of specific models or versions
of combat-capable trainer aircraft in accordance with Article VIII of the Treaty
on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe of November 19, 1990, hereinafter
referred to as the Treaty.
SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Each State Party shall have the right to remove from the numerical
limitations on combat aircraft in Articles IV and VI of the Treaty only those
specific models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft listed in Section
II, paragraph 1 of this Protocol in accordance with the procedures set forth in
this Protocol.
(A) Each State Party shall have the right to remove from the numerical
limitations on combat aircraft in Articles IV and VI of the Treaty individual
aircraft of the specific models or versions listed in Section II, paragraph 1 of
this Protocol that have any of the components set forth in Section III,
paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Protocol only by total disarming and certification.
(B) Each State Party shall have the right to remove from the numerical
limitations on combat aircraft in Articles IV and VI of the Treaty individual
aircraft of the specific models or versions listed in Section II, paragraph 1 of
this Protocol that do not have any of the components set forth in Section III,
paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Protocol by certification alone.
2. Models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft listed in Section II
of this Protocol may be disarmed and certified, or certified alone, within 40
months after entry into force of the Treaty. Such aircraft shall count against
the numerical limitations on combat aircraft in Articles IV and VI of the Treaty
until such aircraft have been certified as unarmed in accordance with the
procedures set forth in Section IV of this Protocol. Each State Party shall
have the right to remove from the numerical limitations on combat aircraft in
Articles IV and VI of the Treaty no more than 550 such aircraft, of which no
more than 130 shall be of the MiG-25U model or version.
3. No later than entry into force of the Treaty, each State Party shall
notify all other States Parties of:
(A) the total number of each specific model or version of combat-capabletrainer aircraft that the State Party intends to disarm and certify in
accordance with Section I, paragraph 1, subparagraph (A), Section III and
Section IV of this Protocol; and
(B) the total number of each specific model or version of combat-capable
trainer aircraft that the State Party intends to certify alone, in accordance
with Section I, paragraph 1, subparagraph (B) and Section IV of this Protocol.
4. Each State Party shall use whatever technological means it deems necessary
to implement the total disarming procedures set forth in Section III of this
Protocol.
SECTION II. MODELS OR VERSIONS OF COMBAT-CAPABLE TRAINER AIRCRAFT ELIGIBLE FOR
TOTAL DISARMING AND CERTIFICATION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to remove from the numerical
limitations on combat aircraft in Articles IV and VI of the Treaty in accordance
with the provisions of this Protocol only the following specific models or
versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft:
SU-15U
SU-17U
MiG-15U
MiG-21U
MiG-23U
MiG-25U
UIL-28
2. The foregoing list of specific models or versions of combat-capable
trainer aircraft is final and not subject to revision.
SECTION III. PROCEDURES FOR TOTAL DISARMING
1. Models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft being totally
disarmed shall be rendered incapable of further employment of any type of weapon
system as well as further operation of electronic warfare and reconnaissance
systems by the removal of the following components:
(A) provisions specifically for the attachment of weapon systems, such as
special hardpoints, launching devices, or weapon mounting areas;
(B) units and panels of weapon control systems including weapon selection,
arming and firing or launching systems;
(C) units of aiming equipment and weapon guidance systems not integral to
navigation and flight control systems; and
(D) units and panels of electronic warfare and reconnaissance systems
including associated antennae.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Section, any special hardpoints which
are integral to the aircraft, as well as any special elements of general purpose
hardpoints which are designed for use only with the components described in
paragraph 1 of this Section, shall be rendered incapable of further employment
with such systems. Electrical circuits of the weapon, electronic warfare, and
reconnaissance systems described in paragraph 1 of this Section shall be
rendered incapable of further employment by removal of the wiring or, if that is
not technically practicable, by cutting out sections of the wiring in accessible
areas.
3. Each State Party shall provide to all other States Parties the following
information, no less than 42 days in advance of the total disarming of the first
aircraft of each model or version of combat-capable trainer aircraft listed in
Section II of this Protocol:
(A) a basic block diagram portraying all major components of weapon systems
including aiming equipment and weapon guidance systems, provisions designed for
the attachment of weapons as well as components of electronic warfare and
reconnaissance systems, the basic function of the components described in
paragraph 1 of this Section, and the functional connections of such components
to each other.
(B) a general description of the disarming process including a list
of components to be removed; and
(C) a photograph of each component to be removed illustrating its position
in the aircraft prior to its removal, and a photograph of the same position
after the corresponding component has been removed.
SECTION IV. PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION
1. Each State Party that intends to disarm and certify, or certify alone,
models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft shall comply with the
following certification procedures in order to ensure that such aircraft do not
possess any of the components listed in Section III, paragraphs 1 and 2 of this
Protocol.
2. Each State Party shall notify all other States Parties in accordance with
Section IX, paragraph 3 of the Protocol on Inspection of each certification. In
the event of the first certification of an aircraft that does not require total
disarming, the State Party that intends to conduct the certification shall
provide to all other States Parties the information required in Section III,
paragraph 3, subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C) of this Protocol for an armed model
or version of the same aircraft type.
3. Each State Party shall have the right to inspect the certification of
combat-capable trainer aircraft in accordance with Section IX of the Protocol on
Inspection.
4. The process of total disarming and certification, or certification alone,
shall be deemed completed when the certification procedures set forth in this
Section have been completed regardless of whether any State Party exercises the
certification inspection rights described in paragraph 3 of this Section and
Section IX of the Protocol on Inspection, provided that within 30 days ofreceipt of the notification of completion of the certification and
reclassification provided pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Section no State Party
has notified all other States Parties that it considers that there is an
ambiguity relating to the certification and reclassification process. In the
event of such an ambiguity being raised, such reclassification shall not be
deemed complete until the matter relating to the ambiguity is resolved.
5. The State Party conducting the certification shall notify all other States
Parties in accordance with Section IX of the Protocol on Inspection of
completion of the certification.
6. Certification shall be conducted in the area of application. States
Parties belonging to the same group of States Parties shall have the right to
share locations for certification.
SECTION V. PROCEDURES FOR INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND VERIFICATION
All models or versions of combat-capable trainer aircraft certified as unarmed
shall be subject to information exchange, in accordance with the provisions of
the Protocol on Information Exchange, and verification, including inspection, in
accordance with the Protocol on Inspection.
PROTOCOL ON PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE REDUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT LIMITED BY THE TREATY ON CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCES IN EUROPE
The States Parties hereby agree upon procedures governing the reduction of
conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty as set forth in
Article VIII of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe of November
19, 1990, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty.
SECTION I. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REDUCTION
1. Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty shall be
reduced in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Protocol and the
other protocols listed in Article VIII, paragraph 1 of the Treaty. Any one of
such procedures shall be deemed sufficient, when conducted in accordance with
the provisions of Article VIII of the Treaty or this Protocol, to carry out
reduction.
2. Each State Party shall have the right to use any technological means it
deems appropriate to implement the procedures for reducing conventional
armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty.
3. Each State Party shall have the right to remove, retain and use those
components and parts of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty which are not themselves subject to reduction in accordance with the
provisions of Section II of this Protocol, and to dispose of debris.
4. Unless otherwise provided for in this Protocol, conventional armaments and
equipment limited by the Treaty shall be reduced so as to preclude their further
use or restoration for military purposes.
5. After entry into force of the Treaty, additional procedures for reduction
may be proposed by any State Party. Such proposals shall be communicated to all
other States Parties and shall provide the details of such procedures in thesame format as the procedures set forth in this Protocol. Any such procedures
shall be deemed sufficient to carry out the reduction of conventional armaments
and equipment limited by the Treaty upon a decision to that effect by the Joint
Consultative Group.
SECTION II. STANDARDS FOR PRESENTATION AT REDUCTION SITES
1. Each item of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty
which is to be reduced shall be presented at a reduction site. Each such item
shall consist, at a minimum, of the following parts and elements:
(A) for battle tanks: the hull, turret and integral main armament. For the
purposes of this Protocol, an integral main armament of a battle tank shall be
deemed to include the gun tube, breech system, trunnions and trunnion mounts;
(B) for armoured combat vehicles: the hull, turret and integral main
armament, if any. For the purposes of this Protocol, an integral main armament
of an armoured combat vehicle shall be deemed to include the gun tube, breech
system, trunnions and trunnion mounts. For the purposes of this Protocol, an
integral main armament shall be deemed not to include machine guns of less than
20 millimetre calibre, all of which may be salvaged;
(C) for artillery: the tube, breech system, cradle including trunnions and
trunnion mounts, trails, if any; or launcher tubes or launcher rails and their
bases; or mortar tubes and their base plates. In the case of self-propelled
pieces of artillery, the vehicle hull and turret, if any, shall also be
presented;
(D) for combat aircraft: the fuselage; and
(E) for attack helicopters: the fuselage, including the transmission
mounting area.
2. In each case, the item presented at the reduction site in accordance with
paragraph 1 of this Section shall consist of a complete assembly.
3. Parts and elements of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the
Treaty not specified in paragraph 1 of this Section, as well as parts and
elements which are not affected by reduction under the procedures of this
Protocol, including the turrets of armoured personnel carriers equipped only
with machine guns, may be disposed of as the State Party undertaking the
reduction decides.
SECTION III. PROCEDURES FOR REDUCTION OF BATTLE TANKS BY DESTRUCTION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to choose any one of the following
sets of procedures each time it carries out the destruction of battle tanks at
reduction sites.
2. Procedure for destruction by severing:
(A) removal of special equipment from the chassis, including detachable
equipment, that ensures the operation of on-board armament systems;
(B) removal of the turret, if any; (C) for the gun breech system, either:
(1) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two places; or
(2) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block;
(D) severing of the gun tube into two parts at a distance of no more than
100 millimetres from the breech ring;
(E) severing of either of the gun trunnions and its trunnion mount in the
turret;
(F) severing of two sections from the perimeter of the hull turret aperture,
each constituting a portion of a sector with an angle of no less than 60 degrees
and, at a minimum, 200 millimetres in radial axis, centred on the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle; and
(G) severing of sections from both sides of the hull which include the final
drive apertures, by vertical and horizontal cuts in the side plates and diagonal
cuts in the deck or belly plates and front or rear plates, so that the final
drive apertures are contained in the severed portions.
3. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition:
(A) hull, hatches and cornerplates shall be open to maximise venting;
(B) an explosive charge shall be placed inside the gun tube where the
trunnions connect to the gun mount or cradle;
(C) an explosive charge shall be placed on the outside of the hull between
the second and third road wheels, or between the third and fourth road wheels in
a six road wheel configuration, avoiding natural weaknesses such as welds or
escape hatches. The charge must be located within the radius of the turret
casting. A second charge shall be placed on the inside of the hull on the same
side of the tank, offset and opposite to the external charge;
(D) an explosive charge shall be placed on the inside of the turret casting
in the area of the main armament mounting; and
(E) all charges shall be fired simultaneously so that the main hull and
turret are cracked and distorted; the breech block is stripped from the gun
tube, fused or deformed; the gun tube is split or longitudinally cut; the gun
mount or cradle is ruptured so as to be unable to mount a gun tube; and damage
is caused to the running gear so that at least one of the road wheel stations is
destroyed.
4. Procedure for destruction by deformation:
(A) removal of special equipment from the chassis, including detachable
equipment, that ensures the operation of on-board armament systems;
(B) removal of the turret, if any; (C) for the gun breech system, either:
(1) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two places; or
(2) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block;
(D) severing of the gun tube into two parts at a distance of no more than
100 millimetres from the breech ring;
(E) severing of either of the gun trunnions; and
(F) the hull and turret shall be deformed so that their widths are each
reduced by at least 20 percent.
5. Procedure for destruction by smashing:
(A) a heavy steel wrecking ball, or the equivalent, shall be dropped
repeatedly onto the hull and turret until the hull is cracked in at least three
separate places and the turret in at least one place;
(B) the hits of the ball on the turret shall render either of the gun
trunnions and its trunnion mount inoperative, and deform visibly the breech
ring; and
(C) the gun tube shall be visibly cracked or bent.
SECTION IV. PROCEDURES FOR THE REDUCTION OF ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLES BY
DESTRUCTION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to choose any of the following sets
of procedures each time it carries out the destruction of armoured combat
vehicles at reduction sites.
2. Procedure for destruction by severing:
(A) for all armoured combat vehicles, removal of special equipment from the
chassis, including detachable equipment, that ensures the operation of on-board
armament systems;
(B) for tracked armoured combat vehicles, serving of sections from both
sides of the hull which include the final drive apertures, by vertical and
horizontal cuts in the side plates and diagonal cuts in the deck or belly plates
and front or rear plates, so that the final drive apertures are contained in the
severed portions;
(C) for wheeled armoured combat vehicles, severing of sections from both
sides of the hull which include the front wheel final gearbox mounting areas by
vertical, horizontal and irregular cuts in the side, front, deck and belly
plates so that the front wheel final gearbox mounting areas are included in the
severed portions at a distance of no less than 100 millimetres from the cuts;
and
(D) in addition, for armoured infantry fighting vehicles and heavy armament
combat vehicles:
(1) removal of the turret;
(2) severing of either of the gun trunnions and its trunnion mount in the
turret;
(3) for the gun breech system:
(a) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two places;
(b) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block; or
(c) severing of the breech casing into two approximately equal parts;
(4) severing of the gun tube into two parts at a distance of no more than 100
millimetres from the breech ring; and
(5) severing of two sections from the perimeter of the hull turret aperture,
each constituting a portion of a sector with an angle of no less than 60 degrees
and, at a minimum, 200 millimetres in radial axis, centred on the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle.
3. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition:
(A) an explosive charge shall be placed on the interior floor at the
mid-point of the vehicle;
(B) a second explosive charge shall be placed as follows:
(1) for heavy armament combat vehicles, inside the gun where the trunnions
connect to the gun mount or cradle;
(2) for armoured infantry fighting vehicles, on the exterior of the
receiver/breech area and lower barrel group;
(C) all hatches shall be secured; and
(D) the charges shall be detonated simultaneously so as to split the sides
and top of the hull. For heavy armament combat vehicles and armoured infantry
fighting vehicles, damage to the gun system shall be equivalent to that
specified in paragraph 2, subparagraph (D) of this Section.
4. Procedure for destruction by smashing:
(A) a heavy steel wrecking ball, or the equivalent, shall be dropped
repeatedly onto the hull and the turret, if any, until the hull is cracked in at
least three separate places and the turret, if any, in one place;
(B) in addition, for heavy armament combat vehicles:
(1) the hits of the ball on the turret shall render either of the gun
trunnions and its trunnion mount inoperative, and shall deform visibly the
breech ring; and
(2) the gun tube shall be visibly cracked or bent.
SECTION V. PROCEDURES FOR THE REDUCTION OF ARTILLERY BY DESTRUCTION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to choose any one of the following
sets of procedures each time it carries out the destruction of guns, howitzers,
artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers, multiple
launch rocket systems or mortars at reduction sites.
2. Procedure for destruction by severing of guns, howitzers, artillery pieces
combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers, or mortars, that are not
self-propelled:
(A) removal of special equipment, including detachable equipment, that
ensures the operation of the gun, howitzer, artillery piece combining the
characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortar;
(B) for the breech system, if any, of the gun, howitzer, artillery piece
combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortar, either:
(1) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two
places; or
(2) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block;
(C) severing of the tube into two parts at a distance of no more than 100
millimetres from the breech ring;
(D) severing of the left trunnion of the cradle and the mounting area of
that trunnion in the upper carriage; and
(E) severing of the trails, or the base plate of the mortar, into two
approximately equal parts.
3. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition of guns, howitzers, or
artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers that are
not self-propelled:
(A) explosive charges shall be placed in the tube, on one cradle mount in
the upper carriage and on the trails, and detonated so that:
(1) the tube is split or longitudinally torn within 1.5 metres of the breech;
(2) the breech block is torn off, deformed or partially melted;
(3) the attachments between the tube and the breech ring and between one of
the trunnions of the cradle and the upper carriage are destroyed or sufficiently
damaged to make them further inoperative; and
(4) the trails are separated into two approximately equal parts or
sufficiently damaged to make them further inoperative.
4. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition of mortars that are not
self-propelled:
explosive charges shall be placed in the mortar tube and on the base plate so
that, when the charges are detonated, the mortar tube is ruptured in its lower
half and the base plate is severed into two approximately equal parts.
5. Procedure for destruction by deformation of mortars that are not
self-propelled:
(A) the mortar tube shall be visibly bent approximately at its mid-point;
and
(B) the base plate shall be bent approximately on the centreline at an angle
of at least 45 degrees.
6. Procedure for destruction by severing of self-propelled guns, howitzers,
artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortars:
(A) removal of special equipment, including detachable equipment, that
ensures the operation of the gun, howitzer, artillery piece combining the
characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortar;
(B) for the breech system, if any, of the gun, howitzer, artillery piece
combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortar, either:
(1) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two places; or
(2) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block;
(C) severing of the tube into two parts at a distance of no more than 100
millimetres from the breech ring;
(D) severing of the left trunnion and trunnion mount; and
(E) severing of sections of both sides from the hull which include the final
drive apertures, by vertical and horizontal cuts in the side plates and diagonal
cuts in the deck or belly plates and front or rear plates, so that the final
drive apertures are contained in the severed portions.
7. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition of self-propelled guns,
howitzers, artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers
or mortars:
(A) for self-propelled guns, howitzers, artillery pieces combining the
characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortars with a turret: the method
specified for battle tanks in Section III, paragraph 3 of this Protocol shall be
applied in order to achieve results equivalent to those specified in that
provision; and
(B) for self-propelled guns, howitzers, artillery pieces combining the
characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortars without a turret: an explosive
charge shall be placed in the hull under the forward edge of the traversing deck
that supports the tube, and detonated so as to separate the deck plate from the
hull. For the destruction of the weapon system, the method specified for guns,
howitzers, or artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and
howitzers in paragraph 3 of this Section shall be applied in order to achieveresults equivalent to those specified in that provision.
8. Procedure for destruction by smashing of self-propelled guns, howitzers,
artillery pieces combining the characteristics of guns and howitzers or mortars:
(A) a heavy steel wrecking ball, or the equivalent, shall be dropped
repeatedly onto the hull and turret, if any, until the hull is cracked in at
least three separate places and the turret in at least one place;
(B) the hits of the ball on the turret shall render either of the trunnions
and its trunnion mount inoperative, and deform visibly the breech ring; and
(C) the tube shall be visibly cracked or bent at approximately its
mid-point.
9. Procedure for destruction by severing of multiple launch rocket systems:
(A) removal of special equipment from the multiple launch rocket system,
including detachable equipment, that ensures the operation of its combat
systems; and
(B) removal of tubes or launch rails, screws (gears) of elevation mechanism
sectors, tube bases or launch rail bases and their rotatable parts and severing
them into two approximately equal parts in areas that are not assembly joints.
10. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition of multiple
launch rocket systems:
a linear shaped charge shall be placed across the tubes or launcher rails,
and tube or launcher rail bases. When detonated, the charge shall sever the
tubes or launcher rails, tube or launcher rail bases and their rotatable parts,
into two approximately equal parts in areas that are not assembly joints.
11. Procedure for destruction by deformation of multiple launch rocket
systems:
all tubes or launcher rails, tube or launcher rail bases and the sighting
system shall be visibly bent at approximately the mid-point.
SECTION VI. PROCEDURES FOR THE REDUCTION OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT BY DESTRUCTION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to choose any one of the following
sets of procedures each time it carries out the destruction of combat aircraft
at reduction sites.
2. Procedure for destruction by severing:
the fuselage of the aircraft shall be divided into three parts not on
assembly joints by severing its nose immediately forward of the cockpit and its
tail in the central wing section area so that assembly joints, if there are any
in the areas to be severed, shall be contained in the severed portions.
3. Procedure for destruction by deformation:
the fuselage shall be deformed throughout by compression, so that its height,
width or length is reduced by at least 30 percent.
4. Procedure for destruction by use as target drones:
(A) each State Party shall have the right to reduce by use as target drones
no more than 200 combat aircraft during the 40-month reduction period;
(B) the target drone shall be destroyed in flight by munitions fired by the
armed forces of the State Party owning the target drone;
(C) if the attempt to shoot down the target drone fails and it is
subsequently destroyed by a self-destruct mechanism, the procedures of this
paragraph shall continue to apply. Otherwise the target drone may be recovered
or may be claimed destroyed by accident in accordance with Section IX of this
Protocol, depending on the circumstances; and
(D) notification of destruction shall be made to all other States Parties.
Such notification shall include the type of the destroyed target drone and the
location where it was destroyed. Within 90 days of the notification, the State
Party claiming such reduction shall send documentary evidence, such as a report
of the investigation, to all other States Parties. In the event of ambiguities
relating to the destruction of a particular target drone, reduction shall not be
considered complete until final resolution of the matter.
SECTION VII. PROCEDURES FOR THE REDUCTION OF ATTACK HELICOPTERS BY DESTRUCTION
1. Each State Party shall have the right to choose any one of the following
sets of procedures each time it carries out the destruction of attack
helicopters at reduction sites.
2. Procedure for destruction by severing:
(A) the tail boom or tail part shall be severed from the fuselage so that
the assembly joint is contained in the severed portion; and
(B) at least two transmission mounts on the fuselage shall be severed, fused
or deformed.
3. Procedure for destruction by explosive demolition:
any type and number of explosives may be used so that, at a minimum, after
detonation the fuselage is cut into two pieces through that section of the
fuselage that contains the transmission mounting area.
4. Procedure for destruction by deformation:
the fuselage shall be deformed throughout by compression so that its height,
width or length is reduced by at least 30 percent.
SECTION VIII. RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR REDUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL ARMAMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT LIMITED BY THE TREATY BY CONVERSION FOR NON-MILITARY PURPOSES
1. Each State Party shall have the right to reduce a certain number of battle
tanks and armoured combat vehicles by conversion. The types of vehicles thatmay be converted are listed in paragraph 3 of this Section and the specific
non-military purposes for which they may be converted are listed in paragraph 4
of this Section. Converted vehicles shall not be placed in service with the
conventional armed forces of a State Party.
2. Each State Party shall determine the number of battle tanks and armoured
combat vehicles it will convert. This number shall not exceed:
(A) for battle tanks, 5.7 percent (not to exceed 750 battle tanks) of the
maximum level for holdings of battle tanks it notified at the signature of the
Treaty pursuant to Article VII of the Treaty, or 150 items whichever is the
greater; and
(B) for armoured combat vehicles, 15 percent (not to exceed 3,000 armoured
combat vehicles) of the maximum level for holdings of armoured combat vehicles
it notified at the signature of the Treaty pursuant to Article VII of the
Treaty, or 150 items whichever is the greater.
3. The following vehicles may be converted for non-military purposes: T-54,
T-55, T-62, T-64, T-72, Leopard 1, BMP-1, BTR-60, OT-64. The States Parties,
within the framework of the Joint Consultative Group, may make changes to the
list of vehicles which may be converted to non-military purposes. Such changes,
pursuant to Article XVI, paragraph 5 of the Treaty shall be deemed improvements
to the viability and effectiveness of the Treaty relating only to minor matters
of a technical nature.
4. Such vehicles shall be converted for the following specific non-military
purposes:
(A) general purpose prime movers;
(B) bulldozers;
(C) fire fighting vehicles;
(D) cranes;
(E) power unit vehicles;
(F) mineral fine crushing vehicles;
(G) quarry vehicles;
(H) rescue vehicles;
(I) casualty evacuation vehicles;
(J) transportation vehicles;
(K) oil rig vehicles;
(L) oil and chemical product spill cleaning vehicles;
(M) tracked ice breaking prime movers; (N) environmental vehicles.
The States Parties, within the framework of the Joint Consultative Group, may
make changes to the list of specific non-military purposes. Such changes,
pursuant to Article XVI, paragraph 5 of the Treaty shall be deemed improvements
to the viability and effectiveness of the Treaty relating only to minor matters
of a technical nature.
5. On entry into force of the Treaty, each State Party shall notify to all
other States Parties the number of battle tanks and armoured combat vehicles
that it plans to convert in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty.
Notification of a State Party's intention to carry out conversion in accordance
with this Section shall be given to all other States Parties at least 15 days in
advance in accordance with Section X, paragraph 5 of the Protocol on Inspection.
It shall specify the number and types of vehicles to be converted, the starting
date and completion date of conversion, as well as the specific non-military
purpose vehicles to emerge after conversion.
6. The following procedures shall be carried out before conversion of battle
tanks and armoured combat vehicles at reduction sites:
(A) for battle tanks:
(1) removal of special equipment from the chassis, including detachable
equipment, that ensures the operation of on-board armament systems;
(2) removal of the turret, if any;
(3) for the gun breech system, either:
(a) welding the breech block to the breech ring in at least two places; or
(b) cutting of at least one side of the breech ring along the long axis of
the cavity that receives the breech block;
(4) severing of the gun tube into two parts at a distance of no more than 100
millimetres from the breech ring;
(5) severing of either of the gun trunnions and its trunnion mount in the
turret; and
(6) cutting out and removal of a portion of the hull top armour beginning
from the front glacis to the middle of the hull turret aperture, together with
the associated portions of the side armour at a height of no less than 200
millimetres (for the T-64 and T-72, no less than 100 millimetres) below the
level of the hull top armour, as well as the associated portion of the front
glacis plate severed at the same height. The severed portion of this front
glacis plate shall consist of no less than the upper third; and
(B) for armoured combat vehicles:
(1) for all armoured combat vehicles, removal of special equipment from the
chassis, including detachable equipment, that ensures the operation of on-board
armament systems;
(2) for rear-engined vehicles, cutting out and removal of a portion of the
hull top armour from the front glacis to the bulkhead of the engine-transmission
compartment, together with the associated portions of the side and front armour
at a height of no less than 300 millimetres below the level of the top of the
assault crew compartment;
(3) for front-engined vehicles, cutting out and removal of a portion of the
hull top armour plate from the bulkhea |